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- <text id=91TT2762>
- <title>
- Dec. 09, 1991: Keeping God's Name in Mint Condition
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1991
- Dec. 09, 1991 One Nation, Under God
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- SOCIETY, Page 66
- COVER STORIES
- Keeping God's Name in Mint Condition
- </hdr><body>
- <p> The phrase "In God We Trust" is as intimate a part of
- American life as the coinage of the Republic--where the words
- have been stamped for the past 127 years. How did God and
- American money come to be linked? The origins of that
- relationship go back to 1814, when Francis Scott Key wrote a
- final stanza to The Star-Spangled Banner that declared, "And
- this be our motto, `In God is our Trust.'"
- </p>
- <p> A half-century later, as the Civil War began, a
- Pennsylvania Baptist parson, M.R. Watkinson, petitioned Treasury
- Secretary Salmon P. Chase, arguing that if the U.S. were to be
- "shattered beyond reconstruction," the Union should leave behind
- coins that acknowledged its dependence upon God. Chase, and
- Abraham Lincoln, agreed, and in 1864 the country first
- emblazoned Key's words, reformulated as "In God We Trust," on
- its coinage.
- </p>
- <p> By the turn of the century, however, the war's memory had
- faded; President Teddy Roosevelt considered the mingling of God
- and Mammon to be vulgar, and he ordered the phrase removed from
- newly designed gold coins in 1907. A public outcry forced
- Congress to backtrack. By the mid-1950s, the concern with piety
- in Washington had apparently deepened: in 1955 Congress ordered
- the same phrase to appear on all paper currency and a year later
- designated the four words as the national motto. The legislators
- also proclaimed an annual National Day of Prayer and in 1954
- inserted the phrase "under God" into the Pledge of Allegiance.
- </p>
- <p> In the 1970s the use of the national motto on coins came
- under at least three unsuccessful legal attacks from atheist
- Madalyn O'Hair and others. Today even ardent separationists seem
- to agree with retired Supreme Court Justice William Brennan,
- who wrote in 1983 that slogans such as "In God We Trust" have
- "lost any true religious significance."
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
-
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